the most centrally located district in sierra leone

[21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. The country has a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. The armed forces were formed after independence in 1961, based on elements of the former British Royal West African Frontier Force present in the country. Along the streets of towns and cities across Sierra Leone, one can find foods consisting of fruit, vegetables and snacks such as fresh mangoes, oranges, pineapple, fried plantains, ginger beer, fried potato, fried cassava with pepper sauce; small bags of popcorn or peanuts, bread, roasted corn, or skewers of grilled meat or shrimp. Diamond mining has been an important part of Sierra Leones history since diamonds were discovered here in the 1930s. The Limba are about 60% Christian and 40% Muslims. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. These included Nigerians, Ghanaians, Ivorians and many more, especially in the fields of theology and education. Black migrants elected different levels of political representatives, 'tithingmen', who represented each dozen settlers and 'hundreders' who represented larger amounts. Within days, Freetown was overwhelmed by the presence of the RUF combatants who came to the city in thousands. [233], Mental healthcare in Sierra Leone is almost non-existent. The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. Bambay Kamara was also a strong Momoh loyalist and supporter. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. Its capital and economic hub is Port Loko, and it is divided into three districts. [226], In the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by UNICEF in 2012, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone was 94%. On the coast in Bonthe District in the south are the Sherbro. Located in the Eastern Province is Koidu Town which is not only the largest city in that province but the capital of Kono District which rich in diamond. Sierra Leone is also a member of the United Nations and its specialised agencies, the African Union, the African Development Bank (AFDB), the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Prior to conducting the election, Sierra Leoneans and international stakeholders were involved in a major debate on whether the nation should focus on trying to end the long running civil war, or to conduct elections and hence returning governance back to a civilian-led administration with a multi-party system of parliament that would provide the foundation for long-lasting peace and national prosperity. The Western Area Urban District is one of the 16 districts of Sierra Leone. President Momoh's strong links with the army and his verbal attacks on corruption earned him much-needed initial support among Sierra Leoneans. [157] The burning of these sources has been reported to have adverse health effects on women and children. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). The Sherbro are primarily fisherman and farmers, and they are predominantly found in Bonthe District. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. Margai used his conservative ideology to lead Sierra Leone without much strife. The country had its first general elections as an independent nation on 27 May 1961. The 68% of the rural population without access to an improved water source relied on surface water (50%), unprotected wells (9%) and unprotected springs (9%). [24], The country takes its name from the Lion Mountains near Freetown. Ajisafe was apparently angry after a Zimbabwean Muslim cleric Mufti Menk had visited Sierra Leone and preached to large crowds. [201] Many Christian organisations in Sierra Leone, including the Council of Churches condemned Ajisafe's sermon against Islam and Muslims. In August 2007, Sierra Leone held presidential and parliamentary elections. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. Sierra Leone appears on the EU list of prohibited countries with regard to the certification of airlines. Taylor's aim was for the RUF to attack the bases of Nigerian dominated peacekeeping troops in Sierra Leone who were opposed to his rebel movement in Liberia. In Freetown there no particular ethnic group that dominates the population since it is home to all of Sierra Leone's people. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. [71] The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone had a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations. They are virtually all Muslims. [citation needed] Stevens also reduced ethnic polarisation in government by incorporating members of various ethnic groups into his all-dominant APC government. He also endeavoured to change Sierra Leone from a democracy to a one-party state. The city is the main economic center of the province. Western Area Rural: Waterloo - Hastings Urban Area: pop. In addition, differences between the Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 and the List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (which emulated the 1808 document) revealed some disparities in the entries of the recaptives, specifically in the names; many recaptives decided to change their given names to more anglicised versions which contributed to the difficulty in tracking them after they arrived in Sierra Leone. [42] William Pitt the Younger, prime minister and leader of the Tory party, had an active interest in the Scheme because he saw it as a means to repatriate the Black Poor to Africa, since "it was necessary they should be sent somewhere, and be no longer suffered to infest the streets of London". [115] Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress (APC) in the country's tightly contested 2018 presidential election. [21], In early 1996, despite the country going through a brutal civil war, the emergence of the prospect of a transformation back to a multi-party democracy brought fresh hopes and great expectations among a majority of Sierra Leoneans, as the national debate "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a hot topic. With the Eastern Province, this is one of two provinces in the country without a coastline. Clarkson initially banned the survivors of Granville Town from joining the new settlement, blaming them for the demise of Granville Town. [255] As of 2013[update] Sierra Leone is ranked 61st (up two slots from 63rd in 2012) out of 179 countries on Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index. Most of the Mosques and Islamic schools across Sierra Leone are based in Sunni Islam. Based on 2015 estimates of the population of Sierra Leone, 77% of the population are Muslims, 22% are Christians, and 1% practise African traditional religion. [161] There were plans to increase its capacity 400 megawatts by 2017 which would cost around $750 million. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) won a plurality of seats in parliament, and Milton Margai was re-elected as prime minister. Its now home to a diverse group of inhabitants and is also where the Bai Bureh Warriors hail from, one of Sierra Leones oldest and most famous football clubs. Madam Yoko (c. 18491906) was a brilliant woman of culture and ambition. Graphic maps of the area around 8 33' 36" N, 13 31' 30" W. There are many color schemes to choose from. [39] The 64 remaining colonists established a second Granville Town.[46][47]. While the broader community included some women, the Black Poor seems to have exclusively consisted of men, some of whom developed relationships with local women and often married them. [1][2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. The African country of Sierra Leone is divided into five major areas. These Police Commissioners report directly to the Inspector General of Police at the Sierra Leone Police headquarters in Freetown. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. However, Karefa-Smart failed to receive broad support within the SLPP in his attempt to oust Albert Margai as both the leader of the SLPP and Prime Minister. Domestic slavery, which continued to be practised by local African elites, was abolished in 1928. The Temne and Mende people especially refused to pay, attacking and looting trading stations, and killing policemen, missionaries, and all those suspected of assisting the colonial government. Waterloo is part of Freetown metropolitan area. Ajisafe's church was temporarily shut down by the Sierra Leone government and his church licence was temporarily suspended too. [29] Over time, the climate changed considerably, altering boundaries between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. The Western Area is divided into two districts. In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. The districts are further divided into a total of 190 (prior to 2017, 149) chiefdoms,[1] whose elected leaders provided most of local government from 1896 to 2004, when they were supplemented by elected local councils. The coastal swamp region extends along the Atlantic for about 200 miles (320 km). [51], The Sierra Leone Company, controlled by London investors, refused to allow the settlers to take freehold of the land. In November 1951, Margai oversaw the drafting of a new constitution, which united the separate Colonial and Protectorate legislatures and provided a framework for decolonisation. Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. [20], Stevens assumed power as Prime Minister again in 1968, following a series of coups, with a great deal of hope and ambition. Of the refugees remaining in Sierra Leone, nearly all were Liberian.[171]. In the southern region of the North West Province is Sierra Leones only international airport, which lies just across the Sierra Leone River from Freetown, the nations capital. The Sherbro are virtually all Christians, and their paramount chiefs had a history of intermarriage with British colonists and traders. It is a flat, low-lying, and frequently flooded plain that is between 5 and 25 miles (8 and 40 km) wide and is composed mainly of sands and clays. Former President Siaka Stevens' government had sought closer relations with other West African countries under the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) a policy continued by the current government. He arrived along the West African coast during the rainy season in September 1462. The Eastern Province is divided into three districts: Located in the northern region of Sierra Leone is the countrys Northern Province. Dozens of soldiers loyal to the ousted president Momoh were arrested, including Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya and Major Yayah Turay. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. [93], Promises of a return to civilian rule were fulfilled by Bio. The city of Bo, also called Bo Town, is the economic hub of the Southern Province and Sierra Leones second-largest city. However, females face gender discrimination making them the target of lower incomes and financial struggle. As a result, Albert Margai became unpopular in the Creole community, many of whom had supported Sir Milton. Dozens of soldiers were arrested and convicted by a court martial in Freetown for their participation in the mutiny against the president. FM relays of the BBC World Service (in Freetown, Bo, Kenema and Makeni), Radio France Internationale (Freetown only) and Voice of America (Freetown only) are also broadcast. There is high unemployment, particularly among the youth and ex-combatants. Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony in 1894; it is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa. Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. Stevens is generally criticised for dictatorial methods and government corruption, but on a positive note, he kept the country stable and from collapsing into civil war. Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. [1] [2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. SLBC transmits radio on FM and has two television services, one of which is uplinked by satellite for international consumption. Strasser replaced Musa as deputy NPRC chairman with Captain Bio, who was instantly promoted by Strasser to brigadier. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. Supported by:Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA), Kenema is most populated district in Sierra Leone says latest census figures, World Bank approves another $50M grant to Sierra Leone, Two arrested over arson attacks on electricity facility in Tombo, Sierra Leonean women back land rights initiative, Six Maritime officials freed of corruption offences, Parliament ratifies agric. Area figures are derived from geospatial data. On 19 April 1971, when Sierra Leone became a republic, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces were renamed the Republic of Sierra Leone Military Force (RSLMF). Population data comes from the most recent census conducted in the country in 2015. [101], Sierra Leone is located on the southwest coast of West Africa, lying mostly between latitudes 7 and 10N (a small area is south of 7), and longitudes 10 and 14W. The centre of the country is a region of lowland plains, containing forests, bush and farmland,[102] that occupies about 43% of Sierra Leone's land area. Annual production of Sierra Leone's diamond estimates range between US$250 million$300million. Multiple allegations were made during the COVID-19 lockdown period of police attacking people trying to obtain basic necessities.[130]. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. This allowed the crown to organize labour forces for timber cutting or mining, to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations as far away as the Congo. To be qualified as a Member of Parliament, the person must be a citizen of Sierra Leone, must be at least 21 years old, must be able to speak, read and write the English language with a degree of proficiency to enable him to actively take part in proceedings in Parliament; and must not have any criminal conviction. [50] The initial process of society-building in Freetown was a harsh struggle. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. There are two mountain ranges in this province, and it is one of two provinces without any coastline. 130,725. Freetown has internet cafs and other businesses offering internet access. It works to prevent crime, protect life and property, detect and prosecute offenders, maintain public order, ensure safety and security, and enhance access to justice. The Limba are primarily found in Northern Sierra Leone, particularly in Bombali, Kambia and Koinadugu District. [228], One of the consequences women in Sierra Leone face after a prolonged and obstructed labour that would have required a c-section is obstetric fistula. On 29 April 1992, a group of young soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army, led by seven army officersLieutenant Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lieutenant Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lieutenant Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio and Captain Komba Kambo[89]staged a military coup that sent president Momoh into exile in Guinea, and the young soldiers established the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), with 25-year-old Captain Valentine Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country. Many sufferers try to cure themselves with the help of traditional healers. After the execution of Bangura, a group of soldiers loyal to the executed general held a mutiny in Freetown and other parts of the country in opposition to Stevens' government. After taking over, President Kabbah immediately opened dialogue with the RUF and invited their leader Foday Sankoh for peace negotiations.[22]. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. Sierra Leone is rich in natural resources, especially diamond, gold, bauxite and aluminium. Next to the president is the vice-president, who is the second highest-ranking government official in the executive branch of the Sierra Leone Government. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. The large majority of SLPP members backed Albert Margai over Karefa-Smart. The president is the highest and most influential position within the government of Sierra Leone. [256], Print media is not widely read in Sierra Leone, especially outside Freetown and other major cities, partially due to the low levels of literacy in the country. Sierra Leone has a dominant unitary central government and a weak local government. Upon arrival in Sierra Leone, each recaptive was given a registration number, and information on their physical qualities would be entered into the Register of Liberated Africans. 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The Sierra Leone Peninsula, which is the site of Freetown, is a region of thickly wooded mountains that run parallel to the sea for about 25 miles (40 km). The Limba are close political allies of the neighbouring Temne. The Susu and Yalunka are both descendants of migrants from Guinea; they both are virtually all Muslims at over 99%. Thomas Peters pressed British authorities for relief and more aid; together with British abolitionist John Clarkson, the Sierra Leone Company was established to relocate Black Loyalists who wanted to take their chances in West Africa. In 2007, a pay-per-view service was also introduced by GTV as part of a pan-African television service in addition to the nine-year-old sub-Saharan Digital satellite television service (DStv) originating from Multichoice Africa in South Africa. According to the report, Sierra Leones population has increased by 6.4%, since the last census in 2015. In mid-1974, Guinean soldiers, as requested by Stevens, were stationed in the country to help maintain his hold on power, as Stevens was a close ally of then-Guinean president Ahmed Skou Tour. Elements of the British Army, together with administrators and politicians, remained after withdrawal to help train the armed forces, improve the infrastructure of the country and administer financial and material aid. Four of the Sierra Leone regions are provinces, and the capital city is located on a peninsula called the Western Area. The monopoly was scheduled to last 98 years. However, no presidential candidate won the 50% plus one vote majority stipulated in the constitution on the first round of voting. No style is the best. The Sierra Leone cricket team represents Sierra Leone in international cricket competitions and is among the best in West Africa. The districts of Sierra Leone The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. A one-party parliamentary election between APC members was held in May 1986. The currency is the leone. Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. He created several government institutions that are still in use today. The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. Odelay mask by Temne people. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. There are organised youth and adult football tournaments across the country, and there are various primary and secondary schools with football teams across Sierra Leone. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. Nyagua also resisted the British. 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 16 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 16 administrative districts. Primary education is free and compulsory in government-sponsored public schools. Bio replaced outgoing President Ernest Bai Koroma after Bio was sworn into office on 4 April 2018 by Chief Justice Abdulai Cham. Many people moved to Freetown during the countrys civil war to avoid violence in more rural areas, and economic opportunities also draw people to the city. [165], English is the official language,[166] spoken at schools, government administration and in the media. Of that 12%, 10% was in the capital Freetown, and the remaining 90% of the country used 2% of the nation's electricity. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. [110], Until 2002, Sierra Leone lacked a forest management system because of the civil war that caused tens of thousands of deaths. 267,827. The NPRC junta established the National Supreme Council of State as the military highest command and final authority in all matters and was exclusively made up of the highest-ranking NPRC soldiers, included Strasser himself and the original soldiers who toppled president Momoh.[90]. With Strasser's two most senior NPRC allies and commanders Lieutenant Sahr Sandy and Lieutenant Solomon Musa no longer around to defend him, Strasser's leadership within the NPRC's Supreme Council of State became fragile. [184] Shia Islam does not have a strong presence in Sierra Leone, and there are virtually no Shia Muslims in the country. Helicopters are also available from the airport to other major cities in the country. Many Sierra Leonean youth follow the local football league. [209] Females can take over the household head if they become widowed or divorced. [107] Mining and slash and burn for land conversion such as cattle grazing dramatically diminished forested land in Sierra Leone since the 1980s. The Paramount Chiefs are influential, particularly in villages and small rural towns. [56][57][58][59], The settlement of Sierra Leone in the 1800s was unique in that the population was composed of displaced Africans who were brought to the colony after the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807. These problems became so severe that the SLPP boycotted the 1973 general election; as a result the APC won 84 of the 85 elected seats.[85]. In Sierra Leone they were called the Nova Scotian Settlers, the Nova Scotians, or the Settlers. The Kono are descendants of migrants from Guinea; today their workers are known primarily as diamond miners. Some claim that Magburaka should be included in the above list, but there is considerable difference among sources. The Oku people are related to the Krio and primarily reside in the communities of Fourah Bay, Fula Town, and Aberdeen in Freetown. Only 20% of the urban population and 1% of the rural population had access to piped drinking water in their home. [187] The United Council of Imams, is an influential Islamic religious body in Sierra Leone, that is made up of all imams of mosques throughout Sierra Leone. These provinces are then divided into 16 districts, which are further divided into 190 chiefdoms. This sort of representation was not available in Nova Scotia. It is the most populous District in the North and the second most populous District in Sierra Leone, after the Western Area Urban District. [79] [124] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[125]. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. They continue to be influential in the civil service. The Eastern Province is located on the eastern side of Sierra Leone and borders Guinea and Liberia as well as two other Sierra Leone provinces. By September 2014, with the closure of borders, the cancellation of airline flights, the evacuation of foreign workers and a collapse of cross-border trade, the national deficit of Sierra Leone and other affected countries was widening to the point where the IMF was considering expanding its financial support. English is the official language used in schools and government administration. 50%. The Limba are native people of Sierra Leone. The ratio of men and women in Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone. Aside from the human cost, the outbreak was severely eroding the economy. This means that no airline registered in Sierra Leone may operate services of any kind within the European Union. He was found guilty and sentenced to death, despite the fact that it was Bangura whose actions led to Stevens return to power. Several prominent members of the Momoh government who had been in detention at the Pa Demba Road prison, including former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, were also executed.[91]. Two-thirds of the population of Sierra Leone are directly involved in subsistence agriculture. In Kono District, a rural eastern region of 500,00 people, famous for its diamond mines and as the epicenter of Sierra Leone's decade-long civil war, PIH is investing in every level of the health system. Period of Police attacking people trying to obtain basic necessities. [ 130 ] the EU list of prohibited with! Ethnic group that dominates the population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities in above! 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[ 130 ] a... In Bombali, Kambia and Koinadugu District, Sierra Leones history since diamonds were here... 27 May 1961 a history of intermarriage with British colonists and traders considerable difference among sources cure themselves the! Survivors of Granville Town from joining the new constitution ensured Sierra Leone was... Waterloo - Hastings Urban Area: pop claim that Magburaka should be included in the.... Regions are provinces, and they are predominantly found in Bonthe District in constitution. 'S strong links with the help of traditional healers verbal attacks on corruption earned him much-needed support. By incorporating members of various ethnic groups into his all-dominant APC government are all! On women and children included Nigerians, Ghanaians, Ivorians and many more, in... Sierra Leoneans megawatts by 2017 which would cost around $ 750 million is. List, but there is high unemployment, particularly in Bombali, and! The 50 % plus one vote majority stipulated in the mutiny against the president is the biggest capital! In May 1986 Koinadugu District between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest: Located the. Election and became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the population of than. Production of Sierra Leone prohibited countries with regard to the city in thousands 2 ],. Of traditional healers this is one of two provinces in the constitution on the coast in Bonthe District survivors!
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